"Why I Trust the Bible" by William Mounce

Mounce, William. Why I Trust the Bible: Answers to Real Questions and Doubts People Have About the Bible. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 2021.

Dr. William Mounce's new book, Why I Trust the Bible: Answers to Real Questions and Doubts People Have About the Bible, is a bit different than his typical work. This book is not specific to learning biblical Greek. Instead, it's a series of arguments for the reliability of the Bible with a much broader audience in mind.   Mounce addresses this historicity of Jesus, contradictions in the Bible, how we have the biblical canon, issues of textual criticism, aspect of translation, and how the Old Testament supports our trust in the Bible more than you might think.  

Why I Trust the Bible is an accessible introduction to a selection of apologetic matters but goes deeper and beyond an introduction. For one seeking to explore these topics--for the first time or deeper study--Mounce does an outstanding job with each of these arguments. Each chapter (corresponding to a question) is well-argued and contains an excellent bibliography of references. Even without any theological knowledge, the book is easy to read, and it stands upon excellent theological study and solid academic work. 

While I highly recommend Why I Trust the Bible, I found the scope of the "questions" and "doubts" limited. As a pastor, there are many questions about the historical Jesus, contradictions, how we got the revelation of God, and issues of translations. Sure. But they often come as more of an attempt to reject the Bible. Mounce's answers are excellent but address the reality of the situation rather than the questioner's heart. Therefore, this book is better suited for the person who handles the questions and doubts of others. It provides the foundation and information to the pastor, Sunday school, teacher, friend, or family member in doubt.  Why I Trust the Bible is also a helpful book for the seminary student, budding apologists, and preachers of God's Word. The chapters on textual criticism supply a fantastic framework (complete with charts and history). As we would expect from Bill Mounce, these chapters are a resource every pastor should have on his shelf, ready for when the tough challenges come.    

Here’s a video review with additional thoughts:


Why I Trust the Bible is new, and you can buy it wherever you purchase your favorite books. (Or you can click this link.) 

"How to Reach the West Again" by Tim Keller

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How to Reach the West Again: Six Essential Elements of a Missionary Encounter. Timothy Keller. Redeemer City to City: New York, NY, 2020.

Tim Keller's 58-page booklet, How to Reach the West Again, is a mission strategy with a clear prognosis of a problem and a discussion of how to solve said problem. As is typically the case with Keller, the dilemma is convincingly written. Keller's solution is a big-city plan as well thought out as any New Yorker serving in big-city challenges could develop. But there's a bigger problem. The presence, working, and power of God are assumed, almost right out of Keller's solution.  

As is typical with many books on mission strategy, dependence upon God is taken for granted so much so that it's nearly forgotten. In the discussion of the problem, there's no mention of the possibility that God is hardening a culture before he judges that culture. Keller argues that the Church is not sharing the gospel in a relevant way, and he recommends we repackage the message better so that people will want to hear, but there's little dependence on the power of the message itself (p 18-25). Keller wrote a book titled Prayer, but prayer is not a part of his suggested solution. Arguing that the answer for the Church is to return to the methods and practices of the First through Fourth Century Christians, he fails to mention the appearance of weakness held by the early Church. There was no mention of persecution and martyrdom. The book contained no discussion of the hard-fought battles for correct theology within the Church. The early councils and confessions were absent from the pages. And his theology does not match that of the Early Church, who were desperately dependent upon God over cultural engagement and Christian presence in the big cities of worldly influence. 

I wanted to like this little book, and I did, at first. The words sounded though out and right until I reached the end and felt something lacking. 

It's the same worldly song and dance. To summarize Keller, the Church today needs to focus on being multi-racial and multi-ethnic, highly committed to caring for the poor and marginalized, forgiving, non-political, against abortion, and teaching an entirely different sex ethic. These things are the byproducts of the transformation of salvation, the cross, and Christ crucified. The Church needs to be about the message of reconciliation of man to God, and then Christians will be capable of such things. Keller's goals are among many evidence of a radically changed soul, a regenerated heart, and a not conformed to this world mind, yet they are not the gospel's chief goals or primary destination. They are good, but they are not first.   

Keller's tips are helpful but should come second to a charge that we should be telling the truth about God, boldly and often. We must trust that the power of salvation is found in God's Word (Romans 1:16), and people get saved by hearing the gospel (Romans 10:14-21). Christians should set themselves to God's plan and strategy for reaching God's Kingdom people, not plan God out and pat ourselves on the back for our perceived limited success, if any.  

How to Reach the West Again lacks solid biblical teaching in favor of cultural and man-strategy. The tips may be helpful for the missionary and the Church, but they are not first from God and his Word, and then a look at potential best practices. The only mention of Christ is found in the section on repackaging the gospel, and even then, Jesus is shared like an add-on or afterthought.    

I am disappointed with this book. If I did everything suggested and if all the Church in the West did this plan flawlessly, we'd still be right where we are today, or maybe even worse off. Not because Keller's advice itself is wrong, but because the starting place is with man. Twenty more pages may have made all the difference. Starting with God in a book about being an ambassador of God makes sense. Maybe the conclusions would have been different, maybe not, but it would have held more biblical authority in a world that's lacking God. Sadly, this is not a book I can recommend to others. 

The Preacher's Preachers: Matt Keller's Picks

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Matt Keller, the Family Pastor of First Baptist Church of Floresville, TX joined Bryan Catherman to chat about the preachers he listens to on a regular basis. It turns out, Matt listens (or has listened) to some of the more popular preachers, but he also listens to preachers who have made an impact upon Matt’s life through personal relationships. Listen to this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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What Do We Do When the Taliban Celebrate?

A few days shy of 20 years ago, the Taliban carried out an attack on America that cost 2,977 American's their lives.  They reduced the World Trade Center to rubble and tears.  The headquarters of "the world's most powerful military" had a black eye and didn't even know from where it came.  In the coming weeks, America launched a war against the Taliban.  A year later, that war expanded into Iraq and eventually became a war against Al Qaeda.  Thousands of Americans were killed, and many thousands more were injured.  Today, both the Taliban and Al Qaeda have declared victory while America retreats into itself, dazed and confused. 

How are Christians to understand these events? 

If we are into the prosperity-gospel (a false gospel), we must conclude that God no longer loves America.  If we were into Christian nationalism (a false gospel), we would need to rally the troops, pull up our bootstraps, and get America back on top of the world.  As cultural Christians (no gospel at all), we point to collapsing moralism in our nation and seek to return to our caricature of the 1950s.

Or, if we know our Bibles and are honest with ourselves, we recognize idolatry.  The false god of military security is exposed and ashamed.  The idol named national pride is humiliated, and we are brought low.  

If we know our Bible, we understand that God has used wicked nations to humble other nations.  We know God has scattered his people to strip them raw and call them back to himself in better health, as God heals them through sanctification.  We remember that the early Church was persecuted to get people moving into all the world for God's glory and the love of others.   We recall Jesus restoring Peter after Peter's lowest moment.  As we read Scripture, we discover that God raised wicked leaders to judge sinful people, but we also recollect God sent messengers to warn the sinners to repent.  And let us certainly not forget the two disciples on the road to Emmaus who were confused by the crucifixion of Christ.  To them, Jesus appeared and reminded them of the centrality of the cross. He showed them that Jesus is in the center of it all and that there's a much bigger story of redemption playing out. 

While confusing and painful, what we see today is not a surprise to God.  And in fact, he's sovereign over it and will use it for his glory.  He will ordain these events for the good of his people.  But before you think of yourself, consider that what we are seeing may be for persecution in Afghanistan to grow his Church there.  Maybe this is to puff up and harden the Taliban as they openly reject Jesus.  Or perhaps this is for the hurting widow, finally turning to God to ask if her husband died in vain.  It may be for the confused veteran.  Or maybe it's for you, allowing yet another false hope and fake security to break in your life, causing you to depend on God.  Likely, it's for all of the above, and much more.    

What do we do with this?

Repent.  Humble yourself and turn to Jesus.  Remember that if you are a redeemed and adopted child of God, this world is not your home.  It's not your destination.  You're just passing through.  Find your hope in Christ.  Pick up your Bible and read.  Pray.  Fellowship with other believers weekly in worship gatherings, or more often if you can.  Sing praises, prayers, intercessions, and confessions to God.  Commit to loving the brothers and sisters in your local church. Seek opportunities to tell others who are confused and lost where to find hope and healing.  See how God may be working here and paise him, for he is good, and he's working all of this out in your life for your good.  Pray for the persecuted church in Afghanistan and pray for the Taliban.  And pray for our nation too.

The Preacher's Preachers: Our Picks

In the previous episode of Salty Believer Unscripted, we introduced our newest series, “The Preacher’s Preachers.” In this episode, Bryan Catherman, Josiah Walker, and Robbie Tschorn share their picks. Other than in-person on the Lord’s Day, who do they seek out to hear the preached Word of God?

Listen to this episode, “Our Picks” here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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SBU: The Preacher's Preachers

We’re excited to start a new Salty Believer Unscripted series. We’re calling it, “The Preacher’s Preachers.” In this series, we’ll be discussing why it’s important for preachers to listen to the preached Word of God from other faithful preachers. And we’ll be asking who the preachers seek out. To whom do they listen? Why?

We believe this series will make the case for the importance of the preached Word, while also introducing both preachers and non-preachers to other preaching. It’s highly likely we’ll hear about faithful preachers who aren’t in the popular circles at the moment. It’s also possible we might shift our thinking about who we should listen to and why.

In this first episode, Bryan Catherman, Josiah Walker, and Robbie Tschorn discuss why they feel it’s so important for preachers to listen to other preachers. Listen to the introduction to this new series here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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Is the "Full" Armor Incomplete?

The chart in my kid's study Bible is helpful, but when the Biblical instruction is to put on the FULL or take up the WHOLE armor of God, the standard chart may come up short. Thanks to Dr. Bill Mounce, I'm again reminded of the importance of study that doesn't assume an end to the riches that we can mine from God's Word.

The chart (or Sunday School poster) we're familiar with is a medieval night, although some use a roman soldier. Arrows point out the helmet, breastplate, belt, shield, sandals, and sword. However, a close look at Scripture may suggest the poster about the whole armor of God is incomplete.

Ephesians 6:10-20 is the Scripture in question, although the charts and poster generally only look at verses 14-17. The context (as seen in verse 10) is a charge to Christians that we are to be strengthened by the Lord. To help us get a mental picture, verse 11 starts an illustration of a warrior, ready for battle.

Verse 12 expresses why we should think it this "battle" mentality. It says, "For" (or "because" is a reasonable translation except that it's not acceptable to start an English sentence with "because") "our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this darkness, against evil, spiritual forces in the heavens." I once heard someone say, if you can see them, they are not your enemy (because they are of flesh and blood).

Verse 13 gets back to the illustration, even reminding the reader with another "because of this statement." The verse concludes with a statement that it is with this "full armor" in which we stand, ready for the battle.

Verse 14 (where the poster typically starts) tells us how we stand.

The word "stand" in verse 13 is indicative, meaning it has a modification that lets us know it's a statement of information or explanation. The word that starts verse 14, "Stand," is indicative, meaning it is modified to show command or instruction. How do we stand in the vast strength of the Lord (from verse 10)? The rest of the paragraph tells us how we obey the command.

Generally speaking, I thought the armor illustration was complete. It's not. Two more things were not explained in the illustration but are critical parts of the "how."

A series of participles follow verse 14. A participle is an adjective (a word helping to explain) that is formed from a verb. Included in this series is verse 18! It's a tricky translation that causes us English readers to miss that prayer and keeping alert are part of the complete set of tools that strengthen us in the Lord and allow us to stand in battle.

Pray and staying alert are set apart in some ways, but they are still modified as participles and still a part of this list. It could be that they didn't have an easy piece of armor or weapon that correlated with these last two items. Or maybe it's because they are more over-arching, or perhaps they undergird the full "battle-rattle." In any case, these critical resources for us are usually left off the charts and posters. And then, when we are in the battle, we don't think about them.

The ESV translation keeps verses 17 and 18 in the same sentence. The KJV and the ASV put a colon following verse 17 as if to indicate the connection. The NKJV smooths it out slightly, moving to a semi-colon. This approach may help us see the link better than the posters and charts. Or what could really be helpful is the addition of prayer and alertness to our Sunday School posters, even if they don't point to a specific part of the soldier's armor.

Until then, be strengthened and stand firm in the Lord.

Building Healthy Churches: Church Membership

As we continue through our Building Healthy Churches podcast series, Josiah Walker and Bryan Catherman discuss Johathan Leeman’s book, Church Membership: How the World Knows Who Represents Jesus. This book is part of the 9Marks Building Healthy Church series and the focus of this week’s podcast. Listen here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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What is Mormonism? A Look Through an Evangelical Lens

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Imagine two 19-year-olds in white shirts, ties, and Mormon name badges standing on your doorstep, hoping to discuss their faith with you. You tell them you're an Evangelical Christian, or maybe you tell them you're a Baptist, or Presbyterian, or something along those lines. It's doubtful they agree that your faith and theirs are the same. And so begins the dance. Your attempt to convert them to biblical Christianity and their attempt to convert you to Mormonism (aka the faith of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) follows. There are differences—profound differences with severe consequences. 

This post attempts to look at the basics of the LDS faith, history, and belief using primary sources. For this objective, a primary source is a source produced and provided by the LDS Church or an LDS person. More specifically, these sources are recent videos created by the LDS Church to explain aspects of Mormonism. An LDS person made one of the videos, but most Mormons would likely agree and find it beneficial to summarize the Book of Mormon. Writings from the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Convents, and Pearl of Great Price (LDS Scriptures) are also used. The Bible and historical Christian Creeds will be provided for contrast and discussion. In addition, this post is best viewed on a desktop or in desktop mode.

For the sake of this post, "LDS" or "Mormon" refers specifically to the prominent religious organization founded by Joseph Smith and presently headquartered in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah. There are many other groups making claims to these terms. This post has no desire to examine or refute those claims but seeks to keep the scope of this examination limited to the most apparent LDS group.

To get the most out of this post, watch the videos, read the supplementary material and Scripture references, and consider the questions and statements provided along with most of the videos. This study will take some time and may require that you take it in parts over a season. Please bear in mind that this post examines Mormonism from an Evangelical Christian perspective. Subsequently, Mormonism will be examined through the lens of biblical Christianity, which views the Bible as God's inspired, inerrant, infallible Word. 


Who was Joseph Smith?

1. Read Joseph Smith’s account of this event, printed in Chapter 1 of the History of the Church, Vol 1, contained in the Pearl of Great Price and considered equal with Scripture. Specifically, note verses 12-19:

“12 Never did any passage of scripture come with more power to the heart of man than this did at this time to mine. It seemed to enter with great force into every feeling of my heart. I reflected on it again and again, knowing that if any person needed wisdom from God, I did; for how to act I did not know, and unless I could get more wisdom than I then had, I would never know; for the teachers of religion of the different sects understood the same passages of scripture so differently as to destroy all confidence in settling the question by an appeal to the Bible.

”13 At length I came to the conclusion that I must either remain in darkness and confusion, or else I must do as James directs, that is, ask of God. I at length came to the determination to ‘ask of God,’ concluding that if he gave wisdom to them that lacked wisdom, and would give liberally, and not upbraid, I might venture.

”14 So, in accordance with this, my determination to ask of God, I retired to the woods to make the attempt. It was on the morning of a beautiful, clear day, early in the spring of eighteen hundred and twenty. It was the first time in my life that I had made such an attempt, for amidst all my anxieties I had never as yet made the attempt to pray vocally.

”15 After I had retired to the place where I had previously designed to go, having looked around me, and finding myself alone, I kneeled down and began to offer up the desires of my heart to God. I had scarcely done so, when immediately I was seized upon by some power which entirely overcame me, and had such an astonishing influence over me as to bind my tongue so that I could not speak. Thick darkness gathered around me, and it seemed to me for a time as if I were doomed to sudden destruction.

”16 But, exerting all my powers to call upon God to deliver me out of the power of this enemy which had seized upon me, and at the very moment when I was ready to sink into despair and abandon myself to destruction—not to an imaginary ruin, but to the power of some actual being from the unseen world, who had such marvelous power as I had never before felt in any being—just at this moment of great alarm, I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the brightness of the sun, which descended gradually until it fell upon me.

”17 It no sooner appeared than I found myself delivered from the enemy which held me bound. When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!

”18 My object in going to inquire of the Lord was to know which of all the sects was right, that I might know which to join. No sooner, therefore, did I get possession of myself, so as to be able to speak, than I asked the Personages who stood above me in the light, which of all the sects was right (for at this time it had never entered into my heart that all were wrong)—and which I should join.

”19 I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong; and the Personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in his sight; that those professors were all corrupt; that: ‘they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, they teach for doctrines the commandments of men, having a form of godliness, but they deny the power thereof.’”

2. Notice Joseph’s response to coming face to face with God (the Father and the Son as two separate entities with bodies). As soon as his body and tongue were loosed from what he seems to suggest later in Chapter 1 was the devil or a demon, he went right to his question about which of three churches he should join. What is the response of every person in the Bible when coming face to face with God?

3. Notice that verse 19 says all the different sects of Christianity were wrong, and all of their “creeds were an abomination in his sight.” The Baptists, Methodists, and the Presbyterians held to creeds like the Apostles Creed, the Nicene Creed, the Westminster Confession, the Heidelberg Confession, 1689 London Baptist Confession, among others. These creeds haven’t changed, nor have the churches that still hold to them today. What does this say about LDS belief if all of these creeds (and the churches that believe that these creeds best articulate what the Bible says) are an abomination? What does it suggest that Mormonism rejects these creeds?

4. Read Galatians 1:6-9. Consider how one should respond to a gospel that is different than the one of the Bible?


Was the Church Lost and Need Restored?

1. The LDS Church claims the witness of Christ and his Bride were removed entirely from the earth after the death of the first apostles. How does this claim line up with Scriptures such as Matthew 5:18, Matthew 28:20, Matthew 24:35, Matthew 24:10-13, Luke 19:39-40, and 2 Thessalonians 2:3?

2. This video suggests that the gospel and salvation were lost between the apostles' time and Joseph Smith's. If correct, nothing we have written in this period could lead to salvation, and salvation only comes by way of something Joseph Smith had, namely, his truth, the structure of the LDS church, and the priesthood authority. Does the Joseph Smith gospel line up with what the apostles of the Bible wrote, or is the Mormon gospel different than the biblical gospel?

4. Some of the hymns in the LDS Hymnal were written by Saint Francis of Assisi, Philip Brooks, William Cowper, Issac Watts, Charles Wesley, and Martin Luther. These men all lived in what would have been the time when the Church was lost (the apostasy). Do these gospel songs suggest the witness of Christ was lost?

5. The video states that the foundation of truth is transmitted through apostles and prophets and they are God’s only official spokesmen. Mormons believe that after the last apostle died, there were no spokespeople. Who does 2 Corinthians 5:16-6:2 say the messengers of God's truth are?


Where Did the Book of Mormon Come From?

1. While there is a great many questions that should be asked about the Book of Mormon, the gold plates, the process of revelation (rather than translation), the weight of the plates, specifically how many people claimed they saw the gold plates until the end of their lives, the lack of other evidence, how these ended up in North America if the account is in South America, and so-on, these question may greatly distract us from our survey. These various questions may serve for additional study about Mormonism. Simply consider what you have seen.

2. The narrator in this video states that “the gold plates are tangible evidence linking the translated book of Mormon to the ancients prophets who wrote it.” How credible are these plates as “tangible evidence” when there are no plates to examine, but only the claims of founding members of the LDS church?

3. The video says that Mormon introduced the Book of Mormon by writing, “Jesus is the Christ, the Eternal God. . .” In “The Restoration” video, it’s said that God and Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith. The “Godhead” video denies the Trinity and demonstrates that Jesus is a created being, thus not eternal. Furthermore, if the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit are not one God, how can Mormons affirm the Bible’s teaching that there is only one God? How can Mormons have “no other God’s before me” (the first of the Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:3) if they deny the Trinity but identify both the Father and Jesus as God, even if Jesus (or even the Father) are created beings?


How was the Book of Mormon ‘Translated’?

1. Knowing how this book came about, does the claim of seer stones and a hat lend greater credibility to translation, that is, transitioning the words and meaning from one language to another? What typically goes into translation work? Can this be called translation or should it be referred to something else?

2. In addition to translating the gold plates, Joseph Smith also claims to have re-translated parts of the Bible. It’s highly unlikely he had any Greek manuscripts when he retranslated John 1, but instead consulted the stones. Consider the theological significance of his changes to John 1:1. It reads, “In the beginning was the gospel preached through the Son. And the gospel was the word, and the word was with the Son, and the Son was with God, and the Son was of God.”

3. Find the complete Joseph Smith Translation (JST) and examine many other changes to the Bible. Follow this link to the document on the LDC Church website.


An 8-Minute Summary of the Book of Mormon

This video was produced by a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, but the video is not owned by or an official video of the LDS Church. It is well done and helpful; however, it is not actually a primary source. The best primary source would be to read the entire Book of Mormon.

1. See if you can find any mention of Mulek in the Bible? Why was this son of a King not mentioned with the other sons in the biblical record?

2. Why do you suppose there is no discovered archeological sites of these large civilizations or battles?


What is the Book of Abraham?

1. The introduction to the book of Abraham reads, “A Translation of some ancient Records that have fallen into our hands from the catacombs of Egypt. The writings of Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by his own hand, upon papyrus.” How can we reconcile this introduction with what scholars have later determined these scroll fragments actually say?

2. Take some time to read the book of Abraham. Note the repeated use of Gods (plural) and the council of the gods in the creation account recorded in chapters 4 and 5. Also, examine the facsimiles and their explanation.


The 13 Articles of Faith.

1. The 13 Articles of Faith are the fundamental foundation of the LDS religion and belief. Take a few moments to read the Articles of Faith.

2. Article 2 states, “We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam’s transgression.” How does this article line up with Scripture, specifically passages like Romans 5:12-21, Ephesians 2:1-3, 1 Corinthians 15:20-49?

3. Article 3 explains the way of salvation in the Mormon faith. It reads, “We believe that through the Atonement of Christ, all mankind may be save, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.” How does this square with what the Bible states is the way to salvation?

4. Article 8 states, “We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly; we also believe in the book of Mormon to be the word of God.” The translation qualifier is reasonable and used by evangelicals as well; however, there are a great many new translations (or revelations) from Joseph Smith that produce a translation from no manuscripts at all. How can we evaluate Joseph Smith’s translations if they came from unverifiable revelation through stones that are no longer on the earth? Is this translation more or less trustworthy?

5. Article 10 states, “We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion (the New Jerusalem) will be built upon the American continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and, that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory.” How does a new Jerusalem built on the American continent line up with the biblical narrative?

Who is God and What is the Godhead?

1. Mormons reject the doctrine of the Trinity? Throughout history, those who reject the Trinity are determined to be outside of Christianity. Should the LDS be consider part of Christianity or outside Christian belief?

2. The video mentions that the Heavenly Father wants his children to have all that he has. While not expressly stated, does this include the incommunicable attributes reserved only for God? Many Mormons believe that exhalation includes becoming like God, even in becoming a gods themselves. Compare this idea with the temptation claims in Genesis 3.

3. Is the “Plan of Happiness” found in the Bible? What is this plan?

4. The first video explains Scripture like Deuteronomy 6:4, Mark 12:32, Galatians 3:20, Zechariah 14:9, 1 Corinthians 8:4-6, and John 10:30-38 as being something different than the long-standing view of the Trinity. What do you think about this Mormon interpretation of these verses and the idea of the Trinity?

5. How does Joseph Smith’s claims about seeing two distinct people in bodily form line up with John 1:18, John 6:46 and John 4:24?

6. This first video states that Jesus Christ was a created being, and therefore, not eternal. He has a beginning. There was a time when there was no Jesus. How does this align with biblical teaching and orthodox Christianity? What was the Godhead before Christ was created, if this video is correct?

7. Who are the “heavenly parents” mentioned, that is, those who birthed Jesus in heaven?

8. The second video states that God’s goal is to help us find happiness in this life and the next. Is this God’s chief goal for mankind? If not, what is?

Where did We Come From?

1. Jeremiah 1:5 is translated differently in many translations. Read this verse in a few translations and ask if the interpretation of a pre-existence of people apart from their bodies lines up with the rest of the Bible. Are there any other verses in the Bible to support such an interpretation?

2. In Job 38:4, God asks Job were e was when God created the earth. The answer to the rhetorical line of questioning is that Job wasn’t there. Therefore, if humans were created in a pre-existent form it would be after the earth was created. Why would God sent these people into a state of wrath, condemnation, and separation from God?

3. While the Bible teaches that all humanity is God’s creation, what does the Bible say about who God’s children are? Are all people created as God’s children? Consider John 1:12, Galatians 3:26, and Romans 9:8.

4. What do you think it means that these videos suggest that humans will exist in a “state like God” forever? Why does each person need to receive a physical body to become more like Heavenly Father?

What is the Mormon Plan of Salvation?

1. Can you find the “Plan of Happiness” in the Bible?

2. If left to our own choices apart from God’s intervention, will we choose God in our sinful state? (Consider Romans 8:7-9, John 6:65, and Romans 3:23.)

3. The second Article of the LDS faith states, “We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam’s transgression.” How does this article of faith square with the video’s use of 1 Corinthians 15:22?

4. The LDS plan of salvation was presented to the people in the pre-existence. The video states that death is a required and necessary part of God’s original plan for the world. What is the reason for death in the Bible? (Consider Genesis 3.)

5. The video states, “If we have repented of our sins, then we will be forgiven for our past mistakes.” There is no mention of belief. Does this suggest a works-based video of salvation?

6. Does John 14:2 speak of three levels or degrees of heaven when read in this Passage in context?

7. What do you suppose it means when the video says, “Those people who merit life in the Celestial Kingdom will live with and be like God forever in a state of glory and happiness?”

8. Read 1 Peter 4:1-6. Consider that this Passage refers to those who live and have life in Christ, who were once dead in their trespass but now reborn and alive in salvation. In contrast, the dead are those described in verse 3. The gospel was preached to the dead so they might live. (Consider Ephesians 2:1-2 and Romans 8:9-11.) Does this Passage mean that we will have a second chance for salvation after we have physically died?

9. Notice that the video suggests that making good decisions and doing the right things result in a closer relationship with God, forgiveness through Jesus Christ because of his atonement, and eternal life.

10. Read 1 Corinthians 15:35-49. In context, is Paul discussion three levels of heaven or is he explaining that there are things of greater magnificence than other things?

11. What does the third video mean that exaltation “is an opportunity for one’s further progression, to be like God and Jesus and is a reward to the highest level of faithfulness to the commandments of God?”

What About Baptism for the Dead?

1. Where does the Bible discuss the proper authority to preform baptisms?

2. If baptism for the dead is critical for the exhalation of those who were not baptized, why is this not discussed more in the Bible? Why did the early Church not do this?

3. What would happen if a proxy (or stand in) and the baptizer were not in proper authority (living under false pretenses or something of this nature) but conducted a baptism for a dead loved one? They recorded it and fully believed the person was proxy baptized with proper authority. Is it possible that the the dead person would be in a lower level of heaven, unable to do more because the baptism was not conducted correctly, and there would be no further recourse?

4. In 1 Corinthians 15:12-24, Paul is making an argument against Christians who do not believe there will be a resurrection. Part of his argument uses an example of people who are conducting baptisms for the dead. He says what’s the point if there’s no resurrection. He does not make an argument that there should be baptisms for the dead. This is the only place there is any mention of such behavior in the Bible or in Church history. What do you make of a major religious practice coming from such a minor discussion in Scripture.

Modern-Day Prophets?

1. Consider Hebrews 1:1. Does the Bible suggest that prophets are still necessary today?

2. Consider 1 Timothy 2:5-6. Does the Bible suggest that we still need a prophet to serve as mediator between us and God?

3. Does this video suggest that Mormons don not believe that the Spirit is given to all Christians. Consider Acts 2:17.

4. Jesus is our perfect Prophet, Priest, and King. This suggests that Christians have a Prophet and Head of the Church— Jesus! Does the Bible tell us we need any other prophet today, other than Jesus?

Why Don’t Mormons Drink Coffee?

1. What do you think about prophetic messages were given to Joseph Smith based on current events, to include concerns from Emma, his wife?

2. Doctrine and Covenant 89 is known as the word of wisdom. D&C 89:9 reads, “And again, hot drinks are not for the body or belly.” Mormons interpret this to mean many different things involving coffee. Does this suggest that cold coffee is okay? Decaffeinated tea? What if it’s hot? What about hot chocolate?

3. Consider what the Bible says about food laws and practices. (See Mark 7:19 and Acts 10:17.)

How is the Mormon Church Organized?

1. Do you believe Jesus, at the head of his Church, would allow it to fall into disarray so quickly after his ascension to heaven?

2. The LDS Church claims the witness of Christ and his Bride were completely removed from the earth after the death of the first apostles. How does this claim line up with Scriptures such as Matthew 5:18, Matthew 28:20, Matthew 24:35, Matthew 24:10-13, Luke 19:39-40, and 2 Thessalonians 2:3?

3. Can you find any Scripture that identifies Adam as the first prophet?

Salt Lake School of Theology (SLST)

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In this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted, Jared Jenkins and Bryan Catherman discuss the Salt Lake School of Theology. SLTS is a teaching site that can offer a fully accredited Masters of Theological Education from Gateway Seminary, among many other educational tracks. Listen to this episode here:

Find more info about Salt Lake School of Theology here: SLTS.

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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Welcome Back: "Walking Through Minefields"

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As the mask mandates are coming to an end and vaccines are becoming more common, we have to work through new minefields. In this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted, Josiah Walker and Bryan Catherman discuss what it means to navigate these issues. Listen to this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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Welcome Back: Reintroducing the Flock to the Service

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For some churches, people who have been away for a year—at home in a pandemic quarantine—are just starting to return to Sunday morning services. A lot has likely changed. How do you welcome people back and introduce them to the new changes? What are they expecting? In this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted, Josiah Walker and Bryan Catherman discuss welcoming people back to Sunday services after a year. Listen here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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Why I Don't Like Palm Sunday

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This is a post most Christians will not like. You may not like it, not one bit. But I'm concerned about how we celebrate Palm Sunday.  

In many churches across America, Palm Sunday is the morning when parents get excited to see their children marching around the congregation with a palm frond in hand. There is usually singing. Sometimes the kids hear the Bible story about Jesus entering Jerusalem. The end.  

So what's the problem with that? Everyone loves seeing their kids wave a leafy clipping, right? 

Let us take a moment and consider this story from the Bible in its larger context.   

The account is recorded in the Gospels of Luke and John. John offers a little foreshadowing in John 1:10-12. It reads, 

"He was in the world, and the world was created through him, and yet the world did not recognize him. He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. But to all who did receive him, he gave them the right to be children of God, to those who believe in his name, who were born, not of natural descent or of the will of the flesh, or of the will of man, but of God" (CSB).   

When Jesus entered Jerusalem, it was a beautiful scene. It was like the inauguration of a president, but without the riots and the transfer of political power. At one point, some of the Pharisees called Jesus to rebuke the people. Jesus quoted Habakuk 2:11, a section of Scripture where God is declaring "woe" curses and warnings. If the people were silent, even the rocks would cry out to praise the Lord.   

John records that this event was a bit confusing for the disciples until after Jesus' resurrection, when they could look back on it in light of Scripture (John 12:16). According to John, the crowd was there to see another miracle like what they saw at Lazarus' grave (John 12:17-19). Another time when Jesus was in Jerusalem, he would not entrust himself to the people who were seeing the signs because he knew their sinful hearts and needed no person to testify about humanity. He knew what was in humankind. (John 2:23-25).    

It was a great day when Jesus rode that donkey into the city. People were going nuts, putting their garments down for the donkey to walk on, like a red carpet in our day. They were waving palm fronds like big foam #1 fingers at the football game. It was a grand celebration. But just like football fans who only support the team when it's winning, things were about to get ugly.  

By the end of the week, Jesus had been betrayed by Judas, arrested, beaten, drug around before leaders in trumped-up courts under cover of darkness, and mocked repeatedly. Finally, he was paraded before the people of the city--the same cheering people with their palm fronds. If they chose Jesus, Pilate would have set Jesus free. But no. Instead of shouting, "Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord," as they did before, they had a new song. This time, they chanted, "Take this man away! Release Barabbas to us!" (John 23:18). Barabbas was a murderer and a revolutionary. They didn't want King Jesus any longer. They wanted the murderer! 

Pilate wanted to release Jesus. The crowd was once again shouting, only this time they were yelling, "Crucify! Crucify him!" (John 23:21). Even still, Pilate pleaded with them, but John records that they continued "demanding with loud voices that he be crucified, and their voices won out" (John 23:22).  

Fast forward to another traditional holiday a little more than a month later. Pentecost. The Holy Spirit fills the disciples, and they spill into the streets of Jerusalem proclaiming the gospel. Peter stands and preaches a sermon. In his message, he tells the people who Jesus is (the Son of God and Savior of the World), but then he points his finger at the people of Jerusalem and says, "it was you who crucified Jesus" (Acts 2:36).  

Could it be that many of these people were the same people cheering Jesus into Jerusalem, thinking he was going to take over politically, do a bunch of miracles, and fill their bellies? Likely. Were these Jesus' own people who he came to and they rejected? Looks like it. 

So as you can see, grabbing a palm frond and marching around the sanctuary of the church because you want to be like the Jerusalem people shouting "Hosanna!" might not be the right way to see this situation.  Our hearts should break for those who cheered Jesus into the city but then rejected Jesus a week later, especially if they never returned to seek his forgiveness and salvation.  We should weep at the site of those palm fronds.

The point of the story is not, be like those people. The point is that we must see Jesus as the True King. Even when the world rejects Jesus, he is the True King. Even when the world rejects us for standing with Jesus, Jesus is the True King. And Jesus will give all those who believe in him the right to be children of God. That means more than thinking Jesus is going to run the country the way you want or deliver exciting miracles. It means believing Jesus is who he says he is.  

So does this mean we shouldn't celebrate Palm Sunday?  

No. But let us be sure our celebration sees the failure of those worldly people who traded Jesus for a murder. And even more importantly, let us be sure that we see King Jesus for who he truly is--the King of kings and Lord of lords who has come to free us from our spiritual bondage so we can live for him. That message probably doesn't get communicated well by kids running around with palm fronds. If we're going to have a Palm Sunday celebration, let's be sure King Jesus is the point.  

Reformed Peaching by Joel Beeke

Reformed Preaching: Proclaiming God’s Word from the Heart of the Preacher to the Heart of His People, by Joel Beeke is not a “how-to” book about building a single sermon or manuscript. This 2018 Crossway publication is about preaching and building the correct foundation for proclamation of God’s Word to the Church. In this above, Bryan Catherman offers a look into the book and offers his thoughts and recommendations. Purchase this book here or wherever you buy your favorite books.

Find more book recommendations here.

Conversion by Michael Lawrence

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As we continue our slow series, “Building Healthy Church,” we’ve come to Michael Lawrence’s book, Conversion: How God Creates a People. This book, published by Crossway in 2017, is among the 9Marks Building Healthy Churches series. In this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted, Bryan Catherman, Josiah Walker, and Robbie Tschorn discuss this book and how it relates to the Church. Listen to this episode here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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SBU: Welcome Back! -- "Sheep Swapping"

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The Coronavirus Pandemic has brought about a great sifting in the church. Part of this sifting might include people changing churches. “Sheep swapping,” as it is often called, was already a challenge, but the pandemic has potentially made it more interesting. When is it right to changes churches? When is it not? What should we do as we discover that people have used the pandemic as an opportunity to make a change. Bryan Catherman, Josiah Walker, and Robbie Tschorn discuss this topic on this episode of Salty Believer unscripted. This podcast is the second episode in a series called “Welcome Back!” You can listen here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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SBU: "Welcome Back: Introduction"

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It’s likely going to be more difficult coming out of COVID pandemic than it was to get into it. Stories in the news report of businesses demanding people hold to higher standers in their stores than the local governments are mandating. Some are even saying they plan to remain on hight alert and be save long after the virus is gone. Just as there was a group of people who were resistant to masks and argued with many about it, there will be people who are resistant to the removal of masks and will argue with intensity about it. As some are vaccinated and others will yet be, vaccines will be the next avenue by which people will be divided, shamed, and the like. Opinions still differ greatly.

The Church was thrust into the pandemic with little thought or preparation, but that’s not how we have to come out of the pandemic. In this series, “Welcome Back!” Salty Believer Unscripted is discussing what it may look like for the church to come out of the pandemic. Of course, it’s not absolute, but we hope this discussion will start generating discussion and thought so we can get a ahead of the possibilities.

The first episode is an introduction for the series. Join Josiah Walker, Robbie Tschorn, and Bryan Catherman as they discuss some of the big topics that we hope to cover in this series. Listen to the Introduction here:

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
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Meet the Puritans by Joel Beeke

Beeke, Joel R. and Randall J. Pederson. Meet the Puritans: With a Guide to Modern Reprints. Grand Rapids, Mich: Reformation Heritage Books, 2006.

Meet the Puritans by Joel Beeke is a helpful reference guide to the puritans, especially if you’re just getting started with the puritan writers and thinkers. The book has 150 short biographies and many other helpful tools. In the above video, Bryan Catherman offers a look into the book and shares why you might want to get yourself a copy of this helpful resource.

For more book recommendations and videos like this one, please visit our book recommendation page.

The SBC Circus and the Bride of Christ

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If the Church is the pillar and buttress of the truth (which it is, see 1 Timothy 3:15), what is the Southern Baptist Convention? Some behave as if the SBC is the foundation beneath the Church, which is terribly unbiblical and blasphemous. They live first for denomination-culture and second or third for Christ, then fourth, fifth, or sixth for the Church, if they care for the Bride of Christ at all. Others identify with the SBC but know nothing about it, give it no support, deny the Baptist Faith and Message, and even trash it at every turn. There's a group that believes every local SBC church should be perfectly homogenized in theology and practice. Still, others see the SBC as something to be used, shaped, and crafted for selfish purposes. It's a circus.

Having given the SBC more attention over these past ten years, even partnering with NAMB to plant a church and serving as the President of my two-state convention, I'm tempted to borrow the words of Charles Spurgeon. About his own Baptist Union in 1887, he said, "We're going downhill and breakneck speed."

There are scores of baptists echoing Spurgeon's line, but finding unity in the catalyst of the problem is elusive. Even harder to find is agreement about a solution. Certainly, there are members of my two-state convention ready with complaints about my actions. Maybe I’m the problem. For them, I've either gone too far or not far enough. I'd likely agree with most of them.

Many are arguing that Critical Race Theory is unbiblical and creeping into the SBC. With them, I agree. There is concern that many churches are closet egalitarians. Some churches are unhitching themselves from the Word of God. One SBC entity seems content to become it’s own denomination and toss out the rest. Liberalism in the SBC is growing. The convention is too political at times not political enough at critical moments. Important doctrines are falling by the wayside. Biblical literacy has been assumed for so long that biblical knowledge has all but disappeared. Mission drift--there's a bunch of that too. Even still, the SBC is not going downhill at breakneck speeds. It has always been a big-tent circus selling tickets at the bottom of the valley. And it's the same circus as it always has been, even if the animals and performers keep changing.

To get a better vantage point, it helps to know what the Southern Baptist Convention is supposed to be.

According to the SBC website, "The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a body of like-minded local churches cooperating together to reach the world with the Good News of Jesus Christ" (http://www.sbc.net/about). Note the purpose. There is nothing there about defining what the local church is or should believe or should be. It's not about politics or culture. It's about reaching the world with the gospel.

Even the Baptist Faith and Message is not a statement about what every church should believe, but instead, it’s a threshold for confessing churches to determine if their confessions line up enough to work together for the purpose of local and global mission work. If they line up, they should partner, if they don’t, they should seek different partnerships. That’s it.

Furthermore, the 1845 charter states that the Southern Baptist Convention was "created for the purpose of eliciting, combining, and directing the energies of the Baptist denomination of Christians, for the propagation of the gospel" (https://www.sbc.net/about/what-we-do/legal-documentation/charter/). The constitution affirms the same purpose.

The SBC is not a denomination; it's a mission organization. (It’s but one partnership opportunity among many for the local church.) Over time, baptists determined that seminaries should be started and supported to aid gospel proclamation to the lost. An entity was started to publish educational materials. A government relations and lobbying arm was added. To justify these additions, baptist argued that the Church's greatest commandment was missions, and the primary purpose of the Church was to advance the gospel. It's up to each local church to determined this for themselves, but they would be hard-pressed to find support from the Bible. The Great Commission is vital, but it's not the greatest commandment to the Church.

I wonder what would happen if the SBC and all its entities stopped trying to tell the Church who She is and what the SBC wants of Her, and instead returned to the purpose of telling the world about how beautiful She is and how remarkable the salvation found only in her Husband (Jesus) can be when we submit to Him as Lord and King. Could it be that the valley circus might remember that they have a train? Will they see that the boxcars can be loaded and the track can lead them out of the stagnate places where they are to go on grand new adventures where they might do why they were created for? Maybe the gospel will be shared worldwide when both the local church and the SBC remember that the SBC is but a prosthetic limb on the Body of Christ, there to help the Church, not be the Church. Maybe we might do what the SBC is for when we realize the SBC is not the end, but a means to fulfill the Great Commission. The SBC is not there to help churches obey the greatest commandment (that’s the church’s job), but engage in the great commission (also the church’s job).

I don't know what the next season of the SBC will look like, but I know mission organizations come and go in the aid of Christ's Church. Jesus' Church will last because Jesus' bride is the Church. He’s not married to a convention of local churches working together to pool missional efforts. He cares much more for one than the other. Let's remember that.

SBU: The Gospel by Ray Ortlund

Bryan Catherman, Josiah Walker, and Robbie the Intern (Robbie Tschorn), read and discussed The Gospel: How the Church Portrays the Beauty of Christ by Ray Ortlund. This book and this podcast is part of a series called “Building Healthy Churches.” They discussed the book, asking if Ortlund achieved what he set out to in the short pages of this little book. You can listen to the podcast here:

You can find the rest of the podcasts in this series on the Salty Believer Unscripted page.

Find more podcasts like this, as well as many interviews with Christian pastors, professors, authors, and others from all across the US and Canada on our Salty Believer Unscripted page. And be sure to subscribe to the Salty Believer Unscripted on your favorite podcast app, or use these links:
RSS Feed | Spotify | iTunes | Google Play Music | TuneIn | Stitcher | iHeartRADIO